Problems with Hall devices for instructional use in undergraduate laboratories stimulated this investigation for development of rugged, easily constructed, inexpensive, electrically reproducible Hall devices with high output voltage. Silicon was chosen as the Hall-plate material on the basis of cost and availability. Advantages and disadvantages of various plate shapes, sizes,...
Transgenic down-regulation of the Pt4CL1 gene family encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been reported as a
means for reducing lignin content in cell walls and increasing overall growth rates, thereby improving feedstock quality for
paper and bioethanol production. Using hybrid poplar (Populus tremula 3 Populus alba), we applied this...