Finite element analysis was used to study the effective transverse modulus of solid wood for all possible end-grain patterns. The calculations accounted for cylindrical anisotropy of wood within rectangular specimens and explicitly modeled wood as a composite of earlywood and latewood. The effective modulus was significantly reduced by growth ring...
Wood and wood-based composites are being used extensively in single-family residential dwellings. Therefore, it is important to categorize their response when exposed to elevated temperatures for a sustained period of time. In fire-resistant design for wood structures, the main goal is to ensure that enough structural integrity is maintained, during...
Early studies on the biosynthesis of the quinoline quinone portion of
streptonigrin, 1, had suggested the intermediacy of novel aromatic amino
acids. In order to test this hypothesis, a series of compounds was synthesized
and tested for potential incorporation. [4-¹⁵N] 4-Aminoanthranilic acid,
4 5 a , [4-² H] 7-aminoquinaldinic acid,...
The effect of grain angle (GA) on shear strength of Douglas-fir has been evaluated. Shear block specimens with a GA varying from 0 to 90° was loaded in the shear plane, resulting in failure mode transitioning from parallel to grain shear to rolling shear. As expected, shear strength decreased as...
Although the importance of the face in communication is well-known, there has been little discussion of the ramifications for those who lack facial expression: individuals with facial paralysis such as Bell’s palsy and Möbius syndrome, and facial movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease. By examining the challenges experienced by these individuals,...
The main purpose of this study was to investigate and describe strategies that Thai ninth grade students use to solve algebra word problems. The second purpose of this study was to investigate teachers' instruction during word problem solving lessons. Three mathematics teachers and one of each of their classes participated...
The purpose of this study was to investigate solution strategies that Thai second graders used to solve addition and subtraction word problems. Fifty-eight children participated in this study, 40 children took a written test, and 18 children participated in an interview. In addition, two classrooms were selected for observation, and...
As a result of the calls for reform in mathematics education and the ever-changing nature of mathematics, today's teachers face the challenge of teaching unfamiliar content in ways that are equally unfamiliar. In view of this challenge, the purpose of this study was to investigate middle school teachers' subject matter...