The infrared spectra of the metaborate monomer and trimer
ions in NaC1, KC1, and KBr were studied. These spectra contain
bands due to the trimer in solid solution, in a second phase of the appropriate
potassium or sodium salt, and perhaps on adjacent lattice
sites. Furthermore, complex equilibria exist between...
Problems with aluminosilicate scales in pulp and paper recycle streams create an
interest in the formation mechanism and the chemical equilibrium of aluminosilicates.
Evaluating solubility data from a system containing Na⁺ CI⁻, and OH⁻ ions as well
as aluminium and silicon compounds, allowed to elucidate the characteristics of the
aluminosilicate...
Non-process elements are present in all kraft
recovery systems. Non-process elements are defined as
those elements which are not essential to the chemical
process, i.e., are neither active pulping chemicals (e.g.,
NaOH and Na₂S in the kraft process), nor compounds present
as a result of incomplete conversion of makeup chemicals...
A survey of the pulping literature indicated
that although the kinetics of the Kraft Pulping
process has been studied in detail , very few studies
have been reported for Alkaline Sulfite /
Anthraquinone (ASAQ) pulping process. There is no
existing rate model for this pulping process. Hence,
the objectives of...
Chemical equilibrium is a major factor in many natural and
industrial systems. The ability to predict ionic equilibrium is
extremely valuable in industry in solving problems without the costs
involved in full scale experiments. An example of an application in
the pulp and paper industry is the prediction of non-process...
Black liquor gasification is one of the promising alternatives to
eliminate the drawbacks of the conventional recovery unit of the
kraft process. A numerical model has been developed to simulate an
industrial pilot scale entrained-flow gasifier currently operating at
Tampere, Finland. The objective of the model is to investigate the...
Combustion properties of kraft black liquor solids were studied using a laminar entrained flow reactor. The tendency of black liquors to release fume (compounds containing Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, SO₃²⁻, S₂0₃²⁻ and C0₃²⁻) during combustion were observed at 1000°C. Black liquor solids with a size fraction of 63 to 100...
