Degradation of lignin to simpler compounds is desirable for removing residual lignin during paper manufacture and accessing biomass carbohydrates for biofuel production, among other purposes. Lignin transformation using enzymes found in white rot fungi, some of nature's most efficient lignin-degrading organisms, offers a more environmentally benign, selective, and possibly less...
Early theoretical models for the evolution of male-female
pairing were based largely on studies of birds. These models
assumed that biparental care of eggs and young was an
essential component of pairing. However, male-female pairing
is also a relatively common social system in coral-reef
fishes, and biparental care of young...
Gonadal infections by a novel microsporidium were discovered in 34% (13/38) of arrow gobies, Clevelandia ios, sampled over a 3-yr period from Morro Bay Marina in Morro Bay, California. Gonadal tumors had been reported in arrow gobies from this geographic area. The infected gonads, found primarily in females, typically appeared...
We hypothesized that calpain activity is elevated in response to muscle damage. To test this hypothesis, we examined the degradation of α-fodrin into its 150 and 145 kDa fragments following either 20 eccentric or isometric contractions. In addition, experiments were performed in the presence or absence of E-64-d, a calpain...
Effective treatment of larval bacterial diseases is a difficult problem when
culturing ornamental fish. Oral administration of antibiotics using existing
microparticle types is not effective due to high leakage rates; furthermore, injection of
larvae is not practical. Treatment is currently limited to use of antibiotic baths, . In this
study,...
An acceptable microparticulate diet for marine fish larvae may be defined as an artificial diet that contains, retains, and delivers the required nutrients to support survival and growth. Factors affecting ingestion rate of prey items by fish larvae include environmental factors such as light intensity, prey/background contrast, possible chemical cues,...
I. Lithium alkyl and aryl monosubstituted cyclooctatetraenide
dianions (Li₂ C₈H₇-R; R = methyl, n- butyl, sec- butyl, tert- butyl,
phenyl and benzyl) were synthesized by the reaction of the appropriate
organolithium reagent with cyclooctatetraene in diethyl ether or
tetrahydrofuran. The reaction occurred cleanly and with good yield
of lithium monosubstituted...
The influence of natural enemies and plant apparency in
determining the abundance of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae L.
and the imported cabbageworm Pieris rapae L. was examined on collards
grown in a collard monoculture and in a collard-alfalfa biculture.
This design was used to examine the factors affecting collardherbivore...