After days of countless shelling of the city from the Japanese, Generalissimo Chiang and other military leaders retreated from Nanking, leaving their soldiers defenseless. On December 13, 1937, the Japanese army entered the city and within weeks, around 300,000 Chinese civilians and soldiers were not only killed but tortured and...
_____________________________________________________________________
Hung-Yok, Ip, Committee Member, representing the School of History, Philosophy, and
Religion