Supercritical fluid (SCF) impregnation is a promising preservative treatment method, however, the development of SCF processes has been slowed by a limited understanding of the process. Developing a better understanding of the effects of various process parameters on treatment results would allow for a more rational development of SCF impregnation....
The fungi that cause mold and stain of freshly sawn lumber result in millions of dollars in losses to the forest products industry. Stain and mold are typically prevented by either kiln drying or by application of a topical fungicide. While these treatments are effective, kiln drying is costly and...
The effect of process variations under supercritical conditions on cyproconazole retention and distribution in ponderosa pine sapwood boards was assessed. While pressure and temperature appeared to affect biocide solubility to some extent, the overall results suggested that biocide movement into wood was influenced more by diffusion than bulk flow. Biocide...
Water in 70 percent of the cities in the United States is hard enough that softening is either required or recommended. It is estimated that approximately 30 percent of all homes in the United States use water softeners. Water softeners, the cation exchange types suited for residential use, exchange sodium...
A Mobile Ad-hoc NETwork (MANET) is collection of wireless mobile nodes without a network infrastructure or centralized administration. Although MANETs can be used in many applications, such as mobile Internet, military communication, and disaster relief networks, a number of challenges remain. These include routing, medium access control, security, scalability, energy...
We investigated 32 net primary productivity (NPP) models by assessing skills to reproduce integrated NPP in the Arctic Ocean. The models were provided with two sources each of surface chlorophyll-a concentration (chlorophyll), photosynthetically available radiation (PAR), sea surface temperature (SST), and mixed-layer depth (MLD). The models were most sensitive to...