Hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) needle reactions to infection by the white pine blister rust pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, have been reported for several species of five needle pines native to western North America. The best-studied examples are in Pinus monticola and P. lambertiana. In these species a "needle spot" phenotype has been...
The United States is a global leader in agricultural productivity. Much of its productivity growth can be attributed to public investments in agricultural research and development, starting in the 19th century and continuing until today. Past studies have shown high returns to agricultural research investments, but publicly funded agricultural research...
Pseudomonas syringae is a Gram-negative bacterium that can infect a variety of important crops. Infection by P. syringae is dependent on a type III secretion system (T3SS) that delivers effector proteins to plant cells to suppress host defenses. Previous work has shown that, in the presence of simple sugars, specific...
In ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the western United States, prescribed fires are used to reduce fuel loads and restore historical fire regimes. The season in which prescribed burns are performed and the interval between burns can have complex consequences for the ecosystem, including soil carbon cycling through the...
Many important policy problems entail linkages among multiple economic sectors, and require the use of a general equilibrium economic modeling framework. This economic approach is appropriate when the market for any one good or service is linked to numerous other goods and services, and back to fundamental inputs such as...
Oomycetes are some of the most devastating pathogens, causing upwards of billions of dollars of damage each year to plants. They also diminish ecological diversity and health through the destruction of trees and shrubs. The genome sequence of Pseudoperonospora cubensis, an obligate plant pathogen and causative agent of downy mildew...
Pantoea agglomerans pathovar betae (Pab) is a bacterium that causes galls on the roots of beet plants, resulting in reduced marketability of beet roots and crop loss. Pab uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to infect and cause galls on beets. The T3SS is a molecular syringe-like structure that...
Forest soils of the Pacific Northwest contain immense amounts of carbon (C). Increasing acreage burned by severe wildfire in the western Oregon Cascades threatens belowground carbon stocks and future site viability. This study investigates forest soil carbon changes after the 2020 Holiday Farm wildfire in a young, intensively managed Douglas-fir...
Health disparity scholars and researchers call to expand the conceptualization of health disparities research beyond the predominant and long-standing race-based analyses. The call requests the inclusion of frameworks and theories that reflect the complex, multi-level and multifactorial social processes that yield health disparities. Intersectionality is a theoretical framework that is...