Bean shoot parts that respond to glyphosate (N-
(phosphonomethyl)glycine) in ways useful for bioassay were determined
by applying glyphosate doses of 3.8 to 60.3 ug ae per plant to the
simple leaves when the first trifoliolate leaflets were about 1 cm
long. Dry weights of parts that were almost fully...
Complex games such as RTS games are naturally formalized
as Markov games. Given a Markov game, it is often possible
to hand-code or learn a set of policies that capture the
diversity of possible strategies. It is also often possible to
hand-code or learn an abstract simulator of the game...
Rivers support some of Earth’s richest biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services to society, but they are often fragmented by barriers to free flow. In Europe, attempts to quantify river connectivity have been hampered by the absence of a harmonized barrier database. Here we show that there are at least...