This thesis investigates lithogenic sediments on the Siberian Arctic shelf, their sources, modes of dispersal, transport pathways and post-depositional diagenetic alteration. Working with cores collected from the Chukchi, East Siberian and Laptev Seas, we characterize surface-sediment elemental chemistry and clay mineralogy. We identify five regions with endmember sedimentary compositions. Comparing...
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3.1 a) ArcticOcean and marginal seas. b) Siberian-shelf surface-sediment sample
location and
Calcareous sediments containing a large percentage of foraminiferal
microskeletal tests were taken from sites in the Panama Basin
and subjected to an investigation to determine the consolidation characteristics
of this type of soil. The consolidation-stress curves and
the time rate of consolidation curves in particular were investigated
in this study....
Examination of polished sections of manganese micronodules
from metalliferous sediments from the Bauer Deep reveals sequences
of ferromanganese deposition which are consistent for micronodules
from a single sediment sample and imply a common depositional
history for members of such assemblages. The relatively simple
'stratigraphy' of manganese micronodules, as compared to...
Major (Fe, Mn, Al) and minor (Cr, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cd) element
analyses of metalliferous sediments in cores from the East Pacific
Rise and Bauer Deep indicate that the Bauer Deep sediments are
similar in chemistry and origin to metalliferous sediments of the
East Pacific Rises.
Fe, Pb, and Zn...
In order to determine whether the sediments found on the landward
wall of the Peru Trench are accreted Nazca Plate sediments,
the clay mineralogy and organic carbon contents of 52 surface
samples were submitted to factor analysis. Q-mode factor analysis
resolved the data from the Nazca Plate and Peru continental...
Cores taken from the ridge areas of the Gorda-Juan de Fuca
plate have a sedimentation rate that is appropriate for the study of
late Quaternary stratigraphy. An analysis of the clay and silt
mineralogy of the cores using X-ray diffraction methods and by
noting changes in the foraminiferan-radiolarian abundances in...
Major and trace element analyses were made on biogenic carbonate,
silica, and fish debris and on authigenic philhipsite, micronodules, and
yellow and brown aggregates recovered from Bauer and Roggeveen Basin
metalliferous sediments. Phase components and the bulk samples were
analyzed by INAA and MS methods. Leachates and residues from ammonium...
The concentrations of calcite, opal and quartz have been measured in 113 South Atlantic core tops. The remainder of the total sample has been calculated as clay. A method for the quantitative determination of opal has been developed.
Calcite is the dominant factor in South Atlantic sediments; its pattern can...
The Antarctic Ocean during the Cenozoic experienced four periods of increased surface productivity: the Middle Eocene; the beginning of the Miocene; the Middle Miocene; and near the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. The fourth increase in productivity began five
million years ago and has since progressively increased to the present level of intense...