Nearly complete sequences of RNA-CP and 3'-proximal RNA-TGB were determined for 43 samples of potato mop-top virus (PMTV) originating from potato tubers and field soil from Sweden, Denmark and the USA. The results showed limited diversity and no strict geographical grouping, suggesting only a few original introductions of PMTV from...
Prior to eruption at mid-ocean ridges, melts must travel through >6 km of crust from their origin in the mantle. The final composition of the melts is dependent on both the melting conditions and magmatic processes within the crust. While mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses are commonly used to infer...
Continental flood basalts represent short-lived but immense blasts of mafic magma to the continental crust. The youngest and smallest continental flood basalt worldwide, the Columbia River Basalt, initiated with the eruption of the most mafic member, the Steens Basalt (~16.9 Ma). The Steens Basalt is exposed in southeast Oregon, southwest...
Wildfire risk in temperate forests has become a nearly intractable problem that can be characterized as a socioecological “pathology”: that is, a set of complex and problematic interactions among social and ecological systems across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Assessments of wildfire risk could benefit from recognizing and accounting for...
Finnish fish markets have traditionally been supplied by domestic wild fish species: Baltic herring, salmon and several freshwater species. Nowadays, farmed salmon and rainbow trout dominate the market and wild-caught species are moving to niche product segment. In this paper we examine the market integration of Finnish fish markets. We...
Freshwater fish species and Baltic salmon are important to small-scale fisheries in Finland and Sweden.
The formerly local markets for these species have expanded as the food trade has been opened up
to international competition. In this study we use cointegration analysis to test the spatial integration of
freshwater fish...
In this paper, a new test for causality in demand on markets supplied by both farmed and captured fish is
presented. This method is applied on markets for trout and potential substitutes imported to Germany, to
identify market delineation and causality in demand. It is found that markets for small...
Plagioclase ultraphyric basalts (PUBs) have been sampled along most mid-ocean ridges with
ultraslow to intermediate spreading rates. Over the past 40 years, the prevalent models for their origin
assume positive buoyancy of plagioclase in basaltic liquids resulting in selective concentration of
plagioclase phenocrysts by floatation. However, when the global population...
Full Text:
., R. L. Nielsen, F. J. Tepley III, and A. J. R. Kent (2013), Petrogenesis
of plagioclase-phyric
Shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing is a widely applicable tool for characterizing the functions that are encoded by microbial communities. Several bioinformatic tools can be used to functionally annotate metagenomes, allowing researchers to draw inferences about the functional potential of the community and to identify putative functional biomarkers. However, little is...