This thesis presents a discussion of the main materialistic theories proposed to explain the process of development among the indigenous population of Latin America. Four theoretical approaches are presented and discussed. The first one deals with the social group referred to as peasants. The second one explains the process of...
Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods may be used to determine normalizations and moments of distributions. However, these methods may perform poorly when starting from distributions that have little overlap with the target. We develop a homotopy based iterative process of incremental importance sampling to normalize distributions when observations can only...
Historical long term changes in stock abundance have been related to
climatic changes, and fish stocks seem to fluctuate over time in relation to
warm and cold periods in ocean waters. Large fluctuations of fish stocks
and long term changes in human harvest of marine resources are well
known from...
This paper focuses on the consequences of managing small-scale fisheries without consideration of geographical differentiation in reproductive potential through a species range. Because fishing costs
increase with distance, the alternative port locations are predicted to have substantially different impacts on biological and economic performance variables when there are no spatial...
The Mosquitia Region of Honduras is part of the largest wilderness area in Central
America. In terms of biodiversity the area is rich in ecosystems including pine savannas,
tropical rain forests, and wetlands. These ecosystems are rich in millions of species
including rare and endangered. Honduras faces an economic, social,...
In the last 30 years, birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. )
has been recognized as a great potential source of forage. Since the
1930's, many studies have been reported in relation to birdsfoot
trefoil characteristics, including some directly related with the
association between seed yield and its components.
The purpose...
Tree-like patterns are ubiquitous in nature. Botanical trees, river networks, and blood systems are the most well-known examples of complex hierarchical systems met in observations. Interestingly, many of such systems exhibit statistical self-similarity. There are two main types of self-similarity: Horton self-similarity and Tokunaga self-similarity. Although there is an increased...
The Inmaculada Mine is located in the Miocene belt of epithermal deposits that extends from southern Peru to northern Chile and Bolivia. This belt is known for its silver-rich epithermal veins that have been worked since colonial times. The Inmaculada Mine belongs to a mining district that includes, from north...
The coastal zone is the area where the land, sea, air meet.
It has a unique combination of characteristics which favor human
development, trade and industry.
"Coastal climates are more moderate and stable than those of
the interior of the continents, and are usually associated with
sufficient rainfall to sustain...