Rubus spp. seeds have a thick protective endocarp and testa (seedcoat) that can
restrict germination even under favorable conditions. The effect of pregermination
treatments were studied in Rubus chamaemorus L., R. eustephanos Focke ex Diels, R.
idaeus 'Amber' L., R. leucodermis Douglas ex Torrey & A. Gray, R. multibracteatus A....
Soils, with their potential to store and stabilize carbon (C), are an essential resource for sustaining forest productivity, as well as for efforts to reduce atmospheric C concentrations. Protecting existing soil C and harnessing the sequestration potential of our soils require an improved understanding of the processes through which soil...
Formula SAE is a collegiate engineering competition that has participants from around the globe. Of the 1000 points available throughout the event, 100 (10%) are dedicated to the fuel efficiency of the student built race cars. Competition rules allow either gasoline or E85, a mix of 85% ethanol and 15%...
Increasingly, objectives for forests with moderate- or mixed-severity fire regimes are to restore successionally diverse landscapes that are resistant and resilient to current and future stressors. Maintaining native species and characteristic processes requires this successional diversity, but methods to achieve it are poorly explained in the literature. In the Inland...
Internal gravity waves, the subsurface analogue of the familiar
surface gravity waves that break on beaches, are ubiquitous in
the ocean. Because of their strong vertical and horizontal currents,
and the turbulent mixing caused by their breaking, they affect a
panoply of ocean processes, such as the supply of nutrients...