We argue in this paper that the present fishery policy goal of sustaining current levels of ecosystem resources will foreclose future options for the generation of food, wealth and services from ocean resources. Hence, only a policy of rebuilding of ecosystems can reverse this trend. A novel methodology, termed Back...
Stable expression of transgenes is required for commercial uses of genetically engineered trees. To better understand the stability of transgene expression under field conditions, we studied transgene expression and RNA interference (RNAi)-induced transgene suppression in 2,480 transgenic poplars (460 transgene insertion events) over three years. Stability of expression was assessed...
The effectiveness of tangential flow filtration (TFF) for
recovery of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and
infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from large volumes of
water was evaluated. In laboratory studies, virus recovery from
IHNV-seeded water following concentration by TFF was approximately
13%. However, addition of 0.1 and 1% FBS...
The virulence of selected isolants of infectious hematopoietic
necrosis virus (IHNV) were differentiated and correlated with
electrophoretic mobilities of virion structural proteins by sodium
dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A type 1
electropherotype of IHNV was more virulent for kokanee salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka) and a type 2 strain more virulent for...
Severe infection by the endemic myxozoan parasite, Ceratonova (synonym, Ceratomyxa) shasta, has been associated with declines in and impaired recovery efforts of populations of fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the Klamath River, California. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving a polychaete worm host as well as a...
Persistent infections with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus
(IPNV) were established in two salmonid cell lines and in live brook
trout. Virus inocula containing high concentrations of defective
interfering IPNV enhanced but were not a requirement for the establishment
of persistent infections in cell lines derived from steelhead
trout (STE-137) and...
Hatcheries are often perceived as a source of pathogen amplification, potentially increasing disease risk to free-ranging populations; at the same time, free-ranging fishes may introduce pathogens into hatcheries through untreated water sources. Many pathogens exist naturally within the environment (with the exception of introduced pathogens) and the presence of a...