Symbiotic associations are established between non-leguminous
(actinorrhizal) nitrogen-fixing flowering plants and two categories
of microorganisms: mycorrhizal fungi and a filamentous actinomycete.
The actinomydete induces nodule formation and produces nitrogenase,
the enzyme responsible for the reduction of atmospheric nitrogen to
a form available to higher plants. The mycorrhizal fungus is found...
The arthropod community in a Douglas-fir forest near Blue River, Lane County, Oregon was investigated from March through August 1973. Five stands of Douglas-fir were sampled: two clearcuttings, a young-growth
(20 years old), a midgrowth (125 years old), and an old-growth (450 years old) plot. A pole pruner was used...
Geographers and regional scientists have long recognized that "near things are more related than distant things." Ports located far from each other may compete through use of the same fishing grounds. We describe trends in competition in the Northeast U.S Sea Scallop Fishery using a Czekanowski Index over the past...
Insects represent the most diverse and abundant group of consumers
know. The overall objective of this study was to obtain relative density
estimates of the dominant taxa and identify their primary functions in
order to assist consumer modelling efforts.
Honey bee colony losses are a major concern in the USA and across the globe. Long-term data on losses are critical for putting yearly losses in context. US colony loss surveys have been conducted yearly since the winter of 2006–2007. Here, we report the results from the eighth annual survey...
Estimates of winter loss for managed honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies are an important measure of honey bee health and productivity. We used data from 5,500 US beekeepers (5,244 backyard, 189 sideline and 67 commercial beekeepers) who responded to the April 2012 Bee Informed Partnership Winter Colony Loss Survey and...