Four strategies which involve synthetic elaboration of
the shikimate nucleus are discussed. Methyl shikimate was
differentially protected as the 3,4-0-cyclopentylidene ketal
and as the 5- 0- tert- butyldiphenylsilyl ether. The methyl
ester was then reduced with diisobutylaluminum hydride and
the resulting allylic alcohol was oxidized to aldehyde 47
with pyridinium...
The time-averaged velocity field in the North Pacific was estimated in two
sets of inverse calculations. The planetary geostrophic equations were the basis for
dynamical models of the flow in each case. The inverse estimates of the circulation
were obtained by minimizing a positive-definite cost function, which measured the
inconsistency...
In 2014, the California Current (~28˚–48˚N) saw average, or below average, coastal upwelling and relatively low productivity in most locations, except from 38˚–43˚N during June and July. Chlorophyll-a levels were low throughout spring and summer at most locations, except in a small region around 39˚N. Catches of juvenile rockfish (an...
Body morphology of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in the upper Willamette River, Oregon, U.S.A., was analysed to determine if variation in body shape is correlated with migratory life-history tactics followed by juveniles. Body shape was compared between migrating juveniles that expressed different life-history tactics, i.e. autumn migrants and yearling...
Using the Current Population Survey and its Food Security Supplement for 2002-2004, this analysis examines food insecurity and hunger in the Northwest. First comparing to earlier analyses, we document decreasing food insecurity and hunger for Oregon and Washington as a whole. Consolidating those two states and Idaho to describe the...
The generalized inverse of a regional model is used to estimate barotropic tidal dissipation along the Hawaiian Ridge. The model, based on the linear shallow-water equations, incorporates parameterizations for the dissipation of energy via friction in the bottom boundary layer and form drag due to internal waves generated at topographic...
The interaction of the dominant semidiurnal M₂ internal tide with the large-scale subtidal flow is examined
in an ocean model by propagating the tide through an ensemble of background fields in a domain centered on
the Hawaiian Ridge. The background fields are taken from the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA)...
