Variability in circuit performance due to process defects is a major concern in integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. Advanced IC manufacturing processes employ Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) for planarization of oxide and metal layers. CMP defects result in variations in the oxide and metal topographical profile. To reduce these topographical variations, electrically...
In advanced integrated circuit (IC) processes, the metal fill inserted to meet foundry imposed density requirements degrades the performance of interconnects and passive components which ultimately affects the overall circuit performance. Accounting for this degradation through electromagnetic and equivalent circuit modeling is becoming a critical aspect of IC design. However,...
Wood stiffness is one of the most important properties of lumber and veneer. We studied wood stiffness (modulus of elasticity, MOE), wood density, microfibril angle, and knots in a 25 year-old wind pollinated progeny test (50 families, ~ 373 trees) of coastal Douglas-fir to understand the potential for genetically improving...
Asphalt pavements constitute more than ninety percent of the nation’s roadway network. Besides serving the key role of providing a smooth and durable all-weather surface that benefits a range of users, they are also the lifelines of the nation and the world and contribute tremendously towards economic and social development....
Ultra-high-speed (>10GS/s), medium-resolution (5~6bit), low-power (<50mW) analog-to-digital converter can find it application in the areas of digital oscilloscopes and next-generation serial link receivers. There are several challenges to enable a successful design, however. First, the time-interleaved architecture is required in order to achieve over 10GS/s sampling rate, with the trade-off...
An impediment to use of exotic and bioengineered trees in many places is their propensity for spread by pollen and/or seeds. Our laboratory has been using gene editing to induce mutations in floral genes as means to impart stable and reliable genetic containment when this is desirable from social (markets,...
Participation of community groups is one of the main requirements for culture-based fisheries (CBF) in
non-perennial reservoirs of Sri Lanka. Homogeneity of the group characteristics facilitates to arrive at
collective decisions. And as such can be considered as positive feature for development of CBF. In this
paper an attention made...
A unique microreactor-assisted nanomaterial synthesis and printing process was studied for the fabrication of patterned metal oxide nanostructured thin films. The process uses a continuous flow microreactor to control and generate a reactive chemical flux that was transported to a patterned microfluidic channel. The microreactor-assisted nanomaterial synthesis process can generate...
Data converters are ubiquitous building blocks of a signal chain. The rapid increase in
communication and connectivity devices presents new avenues for pushing the state of
the art analog to digital converters. Techniques for improving resolution, bandwidth,
linearity and bit-error rate, while reducing the power, energy and area is the...
With increasing transistor operating frequencies, interconnects and passive devices are becoming performance limiters in integrated circuit (IC) designs. To combat this, the interconnect layers above the active silicon are trending toward low-κ dielectrics and Cu metallization. The use of these new materials has popularized chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) to planarize...