The double slit experiment provides a classic example of both interference and the effect of observation in quantum physics. When particles are sent individually through a pair of slits, a wave-like interference pattern develops, but no such interference is found when one observes which “path” the particles take. We present...
The standard interpretation of quantum mechanics (known as the Copenhagen interpretation) divides the world into quantum phenomena and classical observers that perform measurements upon the phenomena. This provides a quite functional framework for calculating probabilities of measurement outcomes, but it lacks the generality necessary for such things as retrodiction, and...
A multielement spectrometer has been developed for the simultaneous determination of four elements by atomic absorption (AA) or atomic fluorescence (AF). The spectrometer is based on a multiple exit slit monochromator and uses a mirrored funnel to direct light from the various exit slits to a single photomultiplier. There are...
An automated multielement flame atomic fluorescence (AF) spectrometer based on microcomputer control was constructed to determine four elements simultaneously. The instrument employs a multiple exit slit monochromator where the light from various exit slits is directed to a single detector with a mirrored funnel. Each element is excited to fluoresce...
Sound waves are very convenient for the investigation of
all wave phenomena with the exception of polarization. They are
particularly useful in connection with microwaves because the
latter's wave length can be easily duplicated with sound waves,
making it possible to obtain the same diffraction pattern for
both when confronted...
Topological defects, such as monopoles, vortex lines or domain walls, mark locations where disparate choices of a broken-symmetry vacuum elsewhere in the system lead to irreconcilable differences(1,2). They are energetically costly (the energy density in their core reaches that of the prior symmetric vacuum) but topologically stable (the whole manifold...
Merging isothermal buoyant jets in a crossflow were investigated
experimentally. Jets of salt water were discharged from a constant
head tank into the stagnant tap water. A crossflow was simulated
by towing the discharge ports through the receiving water at desired
speeds. Visualization of the jet cross-sections produced by a...
Using a low-energy, three stage, differentially pumped ion
accelerator, similar to that used by Hagstrom for Auger electron
ejection studies, permits, with the application of radiotracer methods,
a new approach to the study of low energy sputtering.
The experimental approach consisted of pumping down the
experimental tube to 10⁻⁹ torr,...
A procedure for evaluating the precision of atomic absorption
measurements is presented and applied to 21 elements under varying
instrumental conditions. The experimental relative standard deviations
(RSD's) in absorbance obtained from repetitive measurements made
with a high resolution voltmeter and on-line computer, are compared
to those predicted by a recently...