Airborne measurements over the northern Pacific are
evaluated to characterize properties of black carbon (BC) in
cirrus crystal residuals and background aerosols in the upper
troposphere. Although the mass and number concentrations
of BC were 7–25 times lower in crystal residuals than in
particles outside of cloud, twice as many...
A framework for an empirical parameterization (EP) of heterogeneous nucleation of ice crystals by multiple species of aerosol material in clouds was proposed in a 2008 paper by the authors. The present paper reports improvements to specification of a few of its empirical parameters. These include temperatures for onset of...
During the Ice in Clouds Experiment–Layer Clouds (ICE-L), aged biomass-burning particles were identified within two orographic wave cloud regions over Wyoming using single-particle mass spectrometry and electron microscopy. Using a suite of instrumentation, particle chemistry was characterized in tandem with cloud microphysics. The aged biomass-burning particles comprised ~30%–40% by number...
The initiation of ice in an isolated orographic wave cloud was compared with expectations based on ice nucleating aerosol concentrations and with predictions from new ice nucleation parameterizations applied in a cloud parcel model. Measurements of ice crystal number concentrations were found to be in good agreement both with measured...
Ice concentrations in orographic wave clouds at temperatures between −24° and −29°C were shown to be related to aerosol characteristics in nearby clear air during five research flights over the Rocky Mountains. When clouds with influence from colder temperatures were excluded from the dataset, mean ice nuclei and cloud ice...
Refractive indices of In₂O₃, In₂₋ₓSnₓO₃, InBO₃ and 2 different gahnite crystals (ZnAl₂O₄ and Zn.₉₅Fe.₀₅Al₂O₄) were measured at wavelengths of 435.8 to 643.8 nm and were used to calculate n at λ = 589.3 nm ( nD ) and at λ = ∞ (n∞) using the one-term Sellmeier equation 1/(n²-1) =...
The growth of YMn₀.₃₅In₀.₆₅O₃ thin films and their optical and magnetic behavior are reported. The YMn₀.₃₅In₀.₆₅O₃ thin film grows along the (0001) orientation with hexagonal structure similar to YMnO₃ on c-plane sapphire. The film shows paramagnetic behavior in the temperature range measured. The film exhibits a blue color due to...