The length of time that atmospheric pollutants released from low-level
sources in the midwestern United States can expect to remain in
the atmosphere is discussed. The pollution is assumed to be removed
from the atmosphere by dry deposition and precipitation scavenging.
Layer-average trajectories originating from Kansas City, Missouri are
used...
Eddy‐correlation fluxes are compared to air‐sea fluxes predicted by a widely used bulk flux formulation without wave‐state effects. Systematic discrepancies are found. For example, the model approximately equates the roughness lengths for heat and moisture; however, the observed roughness length for heat (zoh) exceeds that for moisture (zoq) by an...
Vertical profiles of the time-averaged wind stress, wind speed and buoyancy flux from the off-shore tower site in the Risø Air Sea Experiment are used to evaluate similarity theory in the coastal zone. The observed dependence of the non-dimensional wind shear on stability is compared to the traditional parametrization. Relationships...
An alternative method to Fourier analysis is discussed for studying the scale dependence of variances and covariances in atmospheric boundary layer time series. Unlike Fourier decomposition, the scale dependence based on multiresolution decomposition depends on the scale of the fluctuations and not the periodicity. An example calculation is presented in...
The mixing lengths for heat and momentum are computed from seven levels of eddy correlation data during
the Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99). A number of formulations of the
mixing length are evaluated, including surface layer similarity theory, several hybrid similarity theories, a
formulation based on the Richardson number, and...
Bulk aerodynamic formulas are applied to meteorological data from low-altitude aircraft flights to observational estimates of the subgrid enhancement of momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat the atmospheric–oceanic boundary in light wind, fair weather conditions during TOGA COARE Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment). Here, subgrid enhancement the contributions of...
A series of automated tests is developed for tower and aircraft time series to identify instrumentation problems, flux sampling problems, and physically plausible but unusual situations. The automated procedures serve as a safety net for quality controlling data. A number of special flags are developed representing a variety of potential...
Over 5000 aircraft eddy-covariance measurements from four different aircraft in nine different experiments are used to develop a simple model for the friction velocity over the sea. Unlike the widely used Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) bulk flux scheme, the simple model (i) does not use Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (MOST)...
The 10-m neutral drag coefficient (C[subscript DN10]) over the sea is calculated using a large observational dataset consisting of 5800 estimates of the mean flow and the fluxes from aircraft eddy-covariance measurements. The dataset includes observations from 11 different experiments with four different research aircraft. One of the goals is...
A Rutan Aircraft Factory Long-EZ aircraft flew numerous low-level slant soundings on two summer days in
2001 off the northeastern coast of the United States. The soundings are analyzed here to study the nonstationary
vertical structure of the wind, temperature, and turbulence. An error analysis indicates that fluxes
computed from...