Development of micro air vehicles has led to a strong interest in the biomechanics of flapping fliers such as bats, birds, and insects, due to their ability to perform extreme unsteady maneuvers and fly in confined spaces. Determining the methods and mechanisms used by these fliers is a valuable source...
Reprint from the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics report 181. This report is one of a series issued to aid the nation's war program. Information reviewed and reaffirmed 1965. Original report dated October 1941.