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CTSPAC : mathematical model for coupled transport of water, solutes, and heat in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum : v. 1. Mathematical theory and transport concepts.

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  • CTSPAC is a mathematical model for coupled transport of water, solutes, and thermal energy in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. The mathematical structure consists of coupling a model for transport through soil (soil submodel) to one for xylem and phloem transport (plant submodel). The modeling approach is based on discrete space conceptualization or compartmentalization of the plant into local regions of similar tissue structure and function. The plant is represented as a generic plant with three leaves, each simulating a cluster of geometrically similar leaves. The soil is divided into five layers, but this number can be increased for greater resolution. Properties of root compartments can be varied to simulate root density. Plant compartments have "xylem" and "phloem" regions, each containing the actual physiological and anatomical structures and functions of xylem and phloem, which must be visualized as transport units surrounded by other tissues, conceptualized as storage regions. Water moves from the soil to the atmosphere through the compartments representing roots, stems, and leaves. The boundary layer and free atmosphere effects are included in the mathematical statement of the problem. Transport in the phloem is modeled as a pressure driven flow according to the Munch hypothesis. Water moves between xylem and phloem compartments in roots as well as in leaves. Movement is driven by water potential gradients. Differences in the sugar concentrations in the phloem compartments induce gradients in osmotic potential and turgor pressure. Soil and plant submodels are both coupled to the atmosphere. The daily cycle of soil temperature is determined by the energy balance at the air-soil surface. The daily cycle in transpiration is coupled to atmospheric conditions, including air temperature, and relative humidity. Output includes: transpiration rate, phloem transport rate, water potential in xylem and phloem, soil water content, soil temperature, rate of uptake of nutrients from the soil, mass of nutrients stored in each plant compartment, and changes in mass of solutes in the soil over time. The model can be used to evaluate drying rate of soil, the daily cycle of plant-water potentials at all nodes, impact of atmospheric conditions on food translocation, nutrient uptake as a function of soil-water potential, water supply from the water table and other phenomena. The model is written in ANSI standard Fortran 77 and runs without difficulty on most micrcomputers with 640K or more RAM and an 8087 math coprocessor. The Microsoft DOS 3.1 or more recent operating system is required.
  • Published May 1990. Facts and recommendations in this publication may no longer be valid. Please look for up-to-date information in the OSU Extension Catalog: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog
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