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Determining nitrate and ammonium requirements for optimal in vitro response of diverse pear species

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  • Inorganic nitrate (NO₃⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) are the two major components in nitrogen (N) nutrition of typical tissue culture growth media, and the total amounts and ratios influence both shoot induction and differentiation. This study was designed to determine the optimal N requirements and interactions of NH₄⁺×NO₃⁻ to complete the optimization of a pear shoot culture medium. Pyrus communis ‘Horner 51’ and ‘OH×F 87’, P. cordata, P. pyrifolia ‘Sion Szu Mi’, and P. ussuriensis ‘Hang Pa Li’ from the pear germplasm collection of the US Department of Agriculture, National Clonal Germplasm Repository–Corvallis (NCGR) were evaluated. Response surface design was used to create and analyze treatment combinations of NH₄⁺, K⁺, and NO₃⁻. Cultures were evaluated for overall quality, shoot length, multiplication, leaf color and size, leaf spotting and necrosis, and callus production. Significant improvement was observed in multiplication and length for most genotypes. Reduced callus amounts were seen in two genotypes, and greener leaves were also seen in two genotypes. Each species had a distinct response, and the Nform could be manipulated to produce longer shoots, more shoots, or less callus. For the best-quality shoots, both P. communis cultivars required high NO₃⁻ and low to moderate NH₄⁺, P. cordata quality was best with high NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺, P. pyrifolia ‘Sion Szu Mi’ quality improved with moderate NO₃⁻ and high NH₄⁺, and P. ussuriensis ‘Hang Pa Li’ required low NO₃⁻ and high NH₄⁺. This study illustrates that optimizing the N components of a growth medium is very important when working with diverse plant germplasm.
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The article is copyrighted by the Society for In Vitro Biology and published by Springer.
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  • Wada, S., Niedz, R. P., & Reed, B. M. (2015). Determining nitrate and ammonium requirements for optimal in vitro response of diverse pear species. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, 51(1), 19-27. doi:10.1007/s11627-015-9662-4
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  • 51
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  • 1
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  • This project was funded by a grant from the Oregon Association of Nurseries and the Oregon Department of Agriculture and by US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research ServiceCRIS project 5358-21000-038-00D.
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