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Timing and composition of continental volcanism at Harrat Hutaymah, western Saudi Arabia

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/1r66j2757

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  • Harrat Hutaymah is an alkali basalt volcanic field in north-central Saudi Arabia, at the eastern margin of a large Neogene continental, intraplate magmatic province. Lava flow, tephra and spatter cone compositions in the field include alkali olivine basalts and basanites. These compositions contrast with the predominantly tholeiitic, fissure-fed basalts found along the eastern margin of the Red Sea. The Hutaymah lava flows were erupted through Proterozoic arc-associated plutonic and meta-sedimentary rocks of the Arabian shield, and commonly contain a range of sub-continental lithospheric xenoliths, although the lavas themselves show little indication of crustal contamination. Previous radiometric dating of this volcanic field (a single published K–Ar age; 1.8 Ma) is suspiciously old given the field measurement of normal magnetic polarity only (i.e. Brunhes interval, ≤ 780 Ka). We report new age determinations on 14 lava flows by the ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar laser step heating method, all younger than ~ 850 Ka, to better constrain the time frame of volcanism, and major, trace and rare earth element compositions to describe the chemical variation of volcanic activity at Harrat Hutaymah. Crystal fractionation was dominated by olivine ± clinopyroxene at a range of upper mantle and crustal pressures. Rapid ascent and eruption of magma is indicated by the array of lower crustal and lithospheric xenoliths observed in lava flows and tephra. Modeling suggests 1–7% melting of an enriched asthenospheric mantle source occurred beneath Harrat Hutaymah under a relatively thick lithospheric cap (60–80 km).
  • Keywords: Afar hotspot, Lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, Continental volcanism, Age determinations, Harrats
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  • Duncan, R. A., Kent, A. J., Thornber, C. R., Schlieder, T. D., & Al-Amri, A. M. (2016). Timing and composition of continental volcanism at Harrat Hutaymah, western Saudi Arabia. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 313, 1-14. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.01.010
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  • 313
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  • R.A.D. acknowledges support from the Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program at King Saud University. Chip Lesher provided access to the REEBOX package. Parts of this research were supported by the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) and the National Science Foundation (award 1524675).
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file details DuncanTimingCompositionContinental.pdf 07/25/2017 Público
file details DuncanTimingCompositionContinentalAppendixAGeochemicalData.pdf 07/25/2017 Público
file details DuncanTimingCompositionContinentalAppendixAGeochronolgyData.pdf 07/25/2017 Público