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Updates on the sporulation process in Clostridium species

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  • Sporulation is an important strategy for certain bacterial species within the phylum Firmicutes to survive longer periods of time in adverse conditions. All spore-forming bacteria have two phases in their life; the vegetative form, where they can maintain all metabolic activities and replicate to increase numbers, and the spore form, where no metabolic activities exist. Although many essential components of sporulation are conserved among the spore-forming bacteria, there are differences in the regulation and the pathways among different genera, even at the species level. While we have gained much information from the most studied spore-forming bacterial genus, Bacillus, we still lack an in-depth understanding of spore-formation in the genus Clostridium. Clostridium and Bacillus share the master regulator of sporulation, Spo0A, and its downstream pathways, but there are differences in the activation of the Spo0A pathway. While Bacillus species use a multicomponent phosphorylation pathway for phosphorylation of Spo0A, termed phosphorelay, such a phosphorelay system is absent in Clostridium. On the other hand, a number of genes regulated by the different sporulation-specific transcription factors are conserved between different Clostridium and Bacillus species. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on Clostridium sporulation and compare the sporulation mechanism in Clostridium and Bacillus.
  • Keywords: Clostridium, Spo0A, Spores, Sporulation, Sigma factors
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  • Talukdar, P. K., Olguín-Araneda, V., Alnoman, M., Paredes-Sabja, D., & Sarker, M. R. (2015). Updates on the sporulation process in Clostridium species. Research in Microbiology, 166(4), 225-235. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2014.12.001
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  • 166
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  • 4
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  • This work was supported by a grant from the Agricultural Research Foundation of Oregon State University, and by a Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) award through the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract number W911NF-09-1-0286 (all to M.R.S); and by grants from Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Chile (FONDECYT Grant 1110569), by a grant from the Research Office of Universidad Andres Bello (DI-275-R/13), and by a grant from Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDEF) CA13I10077 to D.P-S. MA was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia.
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