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Composition and origin of authigenic carbonates in the Krishna-Godavari and Mahanadi Basins, eastern continental margin of India

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  • The mineralogical and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates from the Krishna-Godavari (KG) and Mahanadi Basin provide a deeper insight into the processes inducing carbonate formation in the sediments of the eastern continental margin of India in the Bay of Bengal. Authigenic carbonate cements, (micro) nodules, bioturbation casts and tubes from 12 core locations drilled during the Indian National Gas Hydrate Program (NGHP) Expedition 01 were investigated for this study. Three main processes responsible for authigenic carbonate precipitation are identified: organoclastic sulfate reduction, anaerobic oxidation of methane and methanogenesis. Evidence of vigorous methane seepage is indicated in carbonates recovered at Sites 7, 10, 12 (KG Basin) and 19 (Mahanadi Basin). These methane-derived carbonates display typical paragenetic carbonate mineralogies (aragonite, high-Mg calcite with >15 Mol% MgCO₃, Ca-rich dolomite). Two separate horizons of methane derived-carbonates are correlated between 4 drill holes (up to ~16 km apart). The upper horizon has been dated with ¹⁴C (40,100-51,600 a BP 1950) and clearly indicates that methane seepage has been much more vigorous in the past, possibly due to the effect of lower sea level on the gas hydrate stability zone across the margin.
  • Keywords: Anaerobe oxidation of methane, Methane seep, Krishna-Godavari Basin, Authigenic carbonate, Mahanadi Basin
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  • Teichert, B. M. A., Johnson, J. E., Solomon, E. A., Giosan, L., Rose, K., Kocherla, M., ... & Torres, M. E. (2014). Composition and origin of authigenic carbonates in the Krishna–Godavari and Mahanadi Basins, eastern continental margin of India. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 58, 438-460. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.08.023
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  • 58
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  • This research was also supported by the U.S. Geological Survey (Contract #07CRSA0708) and by the NSF (OCE-0753487). Much of the drilling/coring equipment used was provided by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) through a loan agreement with the US National Science Foundation.The financial support for the NGHP01, from the Oil Industry Development Board, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd., GAIL (India) Ltd. and Oil India Ltd. is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge the support extended by all the participating organizations of the NGHP: MoP&NG, DGH, ONGC, GAIL, OIL, NIO, NIOT, and RIL.
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