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Wave-Breaking Turbulence in the Ocean Surface Layer

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Abstract
  • Observations of winds, waves, and turbulence at the ocean surface are compared with several analytic formulations and a numerical model for the input of turbulent kinetic energy by wave breaking and the subsequent dissipation. The observations are generally consistent with all of the formulations, although some differences are notable at winds greater than 15 m s⁻¹. The depth dependence of the turbulent dissipation rate beneath the waves is fit to a decay scale, which is sensitive to the choice of vertical reference frame. In the surface-following reference frame, the strongest turbulence is isolated within a shallow region of depths much less than one significant wave height. In a fixed reference frame, the strong turbulence penetrates to depths that are at least half of the significant wave height. This occurs because the turbulence of individual breakers persists longer than the dominant period of the waves and thus the strong surface turbulence is carried from crest to trough with the wave orbital motion.
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Meteorological Society and can be found at: https://www.ametsoc.org/ams/index.cfm/publications/journals/journal-of-physical-oceanography/
  • The SWIFT wave, wind, and turbulence data are available online (at www.apl.uw.edu/swift) by serial number. The waverider spectra are available as station 166 from the Coastal Data Information Program (CDIP) at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography or the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) as station 46246.
  • KEYWORDS: Wave breaking, Waves, oceanic, Atmosphere-ocean interaction, Turbulence, Wind waves, Circulation/ Dynamics, Atm/Ocean Structure/ Phenomena, Sea state
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  • Thomson, J., Schwendeman, M. S., Zippel, S. F., Moghimi, S., Gemmrich, J., & Rogers, W. E. (2016). Wave breaking turbulence in the ocean surface layer. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(6), 1857-1870. doi:10.1175/JPO-D-15-0130.1
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  • 46
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  • 6
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  • Funding for JT, MS, and SZ was provided by the National Science Foundation (OCE-1332719). Funding for ER was provided by the Office of Naval Research through an NRL Core Project (Program Element 0602435N)
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