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A Phytophthora sojae Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein Is a Major Virulence Factor during Soybean Infection and Is Recognized as a PAMP

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  • We identified a glycoside hydrolase family 12 (GH12) protein, XEG1, produced by the soybean pathogen Phytophthora sojae that exhibits xyloglucanase and β-glucanase activity. It acts as an important virulence factor during P. sojae infection but also acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) in soybean (Glycine max) and solanaceous species, where it can trigger defense responses including cell death. GH12 proteins occur widely across microbial taxa, and many of these GH12 proteins induce cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. The PAMP activity of XEG1 is independent of its xyloglucanase activity. XEG1 can induce plant defense responses in a BAK1-dependent manner. The perception of XEG1 occurs independently of the perception of ethylene-inducing xylanase. XEG1 is strongly induced in P. sojae within 30 min of infection of soybean and then slowly declines. Both silencing and overexpression of XEG1 in P. sojae severely reduced virulence. Many P. sojae RXLR effectors could suppress defense responses induced by XEG1, including several that are expressed within 30 min of infection. Therefore, our data suggest that PsXEG1 contributes to P. sojae virulence, but soybean recognizes PsXEG1 to induce immune responses, which in turn can be suppressed by RXLR effectors. XEG1 thus represents an apoplastic effector that is recognized via the plant’s PAMP recognition machinery.
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the American Society of Plant Biologists and can be found at: http://www.plantcell.org/content/27/7/2057
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  • Ma, Z., Song, T., Zhu, L., Ye, W., Wang, Y., Shao, Y., ... & Wang, Y. (2015). A Phytophthora sojae Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein Is a Major Virulence Factor during Soybean Infection and Is Recognized as a PAMP. The Plant Cell, 27(7), 2057-2072. doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00390
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  • 27
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  • 7
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  • This work was supported in part by grants to Y.W. from China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists (31225022), Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (31430073), Special Fund for Agroscientific Research in the Public Interest (201303018), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-004-PS14), by a 111 International Cooperation grant (B07030) to Nanjing Agricultural University from the Chinese government, and by grants to B.M.T. from the National Research Initiative of the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Grants 2011-68004-30104 and 2010-65110-20764).
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