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Enemies and Turncoats: Bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer)

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/8336h657k

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  • The ubiquity and importance of parasite co-infections in populations of free-living animals is beginning to be recognized, but few studies have demonstrated differential fitness effects of single infection versus co-infection in free-living populations. We investigated interactions between the emerging bacterial disease bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and the previously existing viral disease Rift Valley fever (RVF) in a competent reservoir host, African buffalo, combining data from a natural outbreak of RVF in captive buffalo at a buffalo breeding facility in 2008 with data collected from a neighbouring free-living herd of African buffalo in Kruger National Park. RVF infection was twice as likely in individual BTB+ buffalo as in BTB− buffalo, which, according to a mathematical model, may increase RVF outbreak size at the population level. In addition, co-infection was associated with a far higher rate of fetal abortion than other infection states. Immune interactions between BTB and RVF may underlie both of these interactions, since animals with BTB had decreased innate immunity and increased pro-inflammatory immune responses. This study is one of the first to demonstrate how the consequences of emerging infections extend beyond direct effects on host health, potentially altering the dynamics and fitness effects of infectious diseases that had previously existed in the ecosystem on free-ranging wildlife populations.
  • Keywords: Disease Ecology, Invasive Species, Parasite Interactions, Emerging Infectious Disease, Co-infection, Disease Dynamics
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  • Beechler, B. R., Manore, C. A., Reininghaus, B., O'Neal, D., Gorsich, E. E., Ezenwa, V. O., & Jolles, A. E. (2015). Enemies and turncoats: bovine tuberculosis exposes pathogenic potential of Rift Valley fever virus in a common host, African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 282(1805), 20142942. doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.2942
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  • 282
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  • 1805
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  • Funding for the field and laboratory work associated with the free-ranging buffalo study was provided by NSF EID DEB-1102493/EF-0723928, EF-0723918. Funding for B. Beechler was provided by Morris Animal Foundation grant ID D12ZO-409. Funding for C. Manore was provided by NSF SEES grant CHE-1314029 and by NIH MIDAS grant U01-GM097661-01. The work would not have been possible without the assistance of Veterinary Wildlife Services at Kruger National Park, the State Veterinary office in Skukuza and our field technicians Robert and Johannie Spaan.
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