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Temporal variation of hydrological exchange and hyporheic biogeochemistry in a headwater stream during autumn

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  • The hyporheic zone is of great interest for stream ecologists because of its role in stream biogeochemical processing. Our study addresses the effects of leaf-litter inputs and varying discharge on surface–hyporheic water exchange and their possible consequences for the hyporheic zone biogeochemistry. Our study was conducted during autumn in Riera de Santa Fe (northeastern Iberian Peninsula), a stream with a well developed deciduous riparian canopy. We placed 15 wells spaced at 5-m intervals longitudinally down the study reach and measured surface and hyporheic nutrient and dissolved O₂ (DO) concentrations on 23 sampling dates (15 during the leaffall period and 8 after a flood that washed out 65% of the accumulated leaf biomass). We assessed changes in surface-water exchange and in hyporheic NH₄-N and soluble reactive P (SRP) uptake via coinjection of a conservative tracer and nutrients. Compared to surface water, hyporheic water had lower DO, higher SRP and NO₃-N concentrations, and similar NH₄-N concentration. Hyporheic water had higher DO saturation (p  =  0.00) and higher NH₄-N concentration (p  =  0.00) in downwelling than in upwelling wells, whereas SRP and NO₃-N concentrations did not differ significantly between well types (p > 0.05). Hydrologic connectivity was higher in downwelling than in upwelling wells and decreased with leaf-litter accumulation in the stream channel and increased with stream discharge. Increased connectivity after a flood reduced the difference in DO between surface and hyporheic compartments in upwelling and downwelling wells and in NO₃-N in upwelling wells. NH₄-N and SRP uptake responded differently to these changes. Hyporheic SRP uptake rate was controlled by hyporheic SRP concentration, which did not vary with changes in connectivity, whereas NH₄-N uptake rate was indirectly affected by changes in connectivity through the influence of connectivity on DO availability. Last, although no NO₃-N was added during the solute injections, we observed an increase in hyporheic NO₃-N that probably was caused by nitrification. Together these results illustrate how the combination of stream hydrology and organic matter accumulation can dictate seasonal changes in hyporheic biogeochemistry.
  • This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the North American Benthological Society and can be found at: http://www.freshwater-science.org/Journal.aspx. As of 2012, the Journal of the North American Benthological Society is called Freshwater Science and is published by the Society for Freshwater Science.
  • Keywords: hyporheic zone, downwelling, flood, oxygen, leaf litter, stream, surface–subsurface interactions, nutrients, upwelling
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  • Argerich, A., Marti, E., Sabater, F., & Ribot, M. (2011, September). Temporal variation of hydrological exchange and hyporheic biogeochemistry in a headwater stream during autumn. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 30(3), 635-652. doi:10.1899/10-078.1
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  • 30
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  • 3
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  • Financial support was provided by the European Union through the EURO-LIMPACS project (http://www. eurolimpacs.ucl.ac.uk/; ref: GOCE-CT-2003-505540), and by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science through the RENITRAC project (‘‘Capacidad de retención de nitratos en rı´os mediterra´neos en funcio´n del tipo de actividad humana en la cuenca’’, ref: REN2002-03592/HID), and through the NICON project (‘‘Influencia de la concentracio´n de nitro´geno sobre la dina´mica del nitro´geno en rı´os’’, ref: CGL2005-07362-C02).
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