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Kodiak brown bears surf the salmon red wave: direct evidence from GPS collared individuals

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/br86b5343

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  • A key constraint faced by consumers is achieving a positive energy balance in the face of temporal variation in foraging opportunities. Recent work has shown that spatial heterogeneity in resource phenology can buffer mobile consumers from this constraint by allowing them to track changes in resource availability across space. For example, salmon populations spawn asynchronously across watersheds, causing high-quality foraging opportunities to propagate across the landscape, prolonging the availability of salmon at the regional scale. However, we know little about how individual consumers integrate across phenological variation or the benefits they receive by doing so. Here, we present direct evidence that individual brown bears track spatial variation in salmon phenology. Data from 40 GPS collared brown bears show that bears visited multiple spawning sites in synchrony with the order of spawning phenology. The number of sites used was correlated with the number of days a bear exploited salmon, suggesting the phenological variation in the study area influenced bear access to salmon, a resource which strongly influences bear fitness. Fisheries managers attempting to maximize harvest while maintaining ecosystem function should strive to protect the population diversity that underlies the phenological variation used by wildlife consumers.
  • Keywords: foraging, Kodiak, brown bear, portfolio effect, GPS collar, sockeye, grizzly bear, phenological tracking, resource subsidy, landscape, salmon, resource wave
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  • Deacy, W., Leacock, W., Armstrong, J. B., & Stanford, J. A. (2016). Kodiak brown bears surf the salmon red wave: direct evidence from GPS collared individuals. Ecology, 97(5), 1091-1098. doi:10.1890/15-1060.1
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  • 97
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  • 5
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  • W. Deacy and J. Stanford were supported by the Jessie M. Bierman Professorship, J. Armstrong was supported by the David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellowship, and W. Leacock was supported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Funding for fieldwork was provided by the USFWS Inventory and Monitoring and Refuge Programs.
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