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Re and Os isotopes of the central Oregon Cascades and along the arc indicate variable homogenization and mafic growth in the deep crust

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  • The rhenium-osmium isotopic system has the potential to track the maturation of arc crust at lower crustal levels because the ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os in magmas is sensitive to the age and composition of crust with which they interact. We here present Re and Os isotopic data for a suite of samples from the extensional central Oregon Cascade arc that includes diverse, primitive (high Mg) basalts and low-and medium-K basaltic andesites from North Sister and Little Brother volcanoes. The basaltic andesites contain higher ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os than the two most common basalt types, calc-alkaline basalt and low-K tholeiites (0.17-0.19 vs. 0.14-0.15), indicating interaction with mafic crust. The evolution of ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os in the deep crust depends on Re partitioning that in turn depends on sulfide and magnetite stability and oxygen fugacity. We estimate bulk mineral-melt partition coefficients for Re to ~4 at ƒO₂ ≈ QFM and ~10 at ƒO₂ ≈ + 1 to + 3 ΔQFM in keeping with near liquidus phase equilibria at deep crustal conditions (Mercer and Johnston, 2008) and on ƒO₂ of central Oregon primitive magmas (Rowe et al., 2009). Modeling fractional crystallization of the central Oregon primitive basalts indicates that the deep arc crust is likely to have ¹⁸⁷Re/¹⁸⁸Os similar to the range measured in North Sister basaltic andesites (~55-260). The age of the mafic crustal contaminant in the central Oregon Cascades is then estimated to be 9-29 Ma and is younger than the start of Cascade arc volcanism at ~45 Ma in central Oregon. The range in Os¹⁸⁷/Os¹⁸⁸ at the Cascade volcanic centers Mt. Lassen and Mt. Adams is greater than is observed for central Oregon arc magmas. Weestimate a range in mafic crustal contaminant ages of 8-340 Mafor Mt. Lassen and 0-70 Mafor Mt. Adams and are older than suggested by previous studies (Hart et al., 2002, 2003). Mafic contaminant age ranges reflect the degree to which the crust is homogenized, or the extent to which the composition of the crust is a product of recent arc magmatism vs. pre-existing protoliths. Intra-arc extension in central Oregon facilitates homogenization and leads to assimilation of relatively young arc crust. Where extension is less narrowly focused, the range in Re and Os isotopes is greater and reflects isotopic heterogeneities, including variably aged crust at Mt. Lassen or variable enrichment of Re and Os in the lithosphere beneath Mt. Adams. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Keywords: Tectonic implications, Silicate melt, Subduction zone magmatism, Primitive basalts, North Sister volcano, Experimental constraints, Platinum group elements, Fractional crystallization, Northwestern United States, Forearc
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  • Schmidt, M., Grunder, A., Rowe, M., & Chesley, J. (2013). Re and os isotopes of the central oregon cascades and along the arc indicate variable homogenization and mafic growth in the deep crust. Geochimica Et Cosmochimica Acta, 109, 345-364. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2013.02.003
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  • 109
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  • This work was primarily supported by NSF Grant # EAR- 0230359 to Anita Grunder and partially by NSF Grant # EAR- 0409423 to W. Leeman and J. Chesley. A 2002 Jack Kleinman Research Grant, and an NSERC Discovery Grant to Mariek Schmidt provided additional support.
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