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Rapid Quantification of Soilborne Pathogen Communities in Wheat-based Long-term Field Experiments

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/k930c000d

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  • This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by The American Phytopathological Society and can be found at: https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1020-RE
  • Rainfed experiments operated continuously for up to 84 years in semiarid eastern Oregon are among the oldest agronomic trials in North America. Disease incidence and severity had been quantified visually but quantification of inoculum density had not been attempted. Natural inoculum of 17 fungal and nematode pathogens were quantified for each of two years on eight trials using DNA extracts from soil. Crop type, tillage, rotation, soil fertility and year, and their interactions, had large effects on the pathogens. Fusarium culmorum and Pratylenchus thornei were more dominant than F. pseudograminearum and P. neglectus where spring crops were grown, and the opposite species dominances occurred where winter wheat was the only crop. Bipolaris sorokiniana and Phoma pinodella were restricted to presence of spring cereals and pulse crops, respectively. Helgardia spp. occurred in winter wheat-fallow rotations but not in annual winter wheat. Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici was more prevalent in cultivated than in non-cultivated soils and the opposite generally occurred for Rhizoctonia solani AG-8. Densities of Pythium spp. Clade F were high but were also influenced by treatments. Significant treatment effects and interactions were more prevalent in two long-standing (> 50 yr) annually cropped experiments (29%) than two long-standing 2-yr wheat-fallow rotations (14%). Associations among pathogens occurred mostly in an 84-yr-old annual cereals experiment. This survey provided guidance for research on dynamics of root-infecting pathogens of rainfed field crops and identified two pathogens (D. tritici-repentis and Phoma pinodella) not previously identified at the location.
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  • Smiley RW, Machado S, Rhinhart KEL, Reardon CL, Wuest SB, 2016. Rapid Quantification of Soilborne Pathogen Communities in Wheat-Based Long-Term Field Experiments. Plant Disease 100, 1692–1708. doi:10.1094/PDIS-09-15-1020-RE
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  • 100
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  • 8
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  • Funding was provided by the Oregon State University Agricultural Research Foundation, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, and a discounted analysis fee by the Root Disease Testing Service of the South Australian Research and Development Institute.
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