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Hubbardiastrobus cunninghamioides gen. et sp. nov., Evidence for a Lower Cretaceous Diversification of Cunninghamioid Cupressaceae

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Abstract
  • PREMISE OF RESEARCH. The occurrence of six ovulate cones and six leafy branching systems, two of which show attachment of the ovulate cone, reveals a new cunninghamioid fossil conifer from the Cretaceous Apple Bay locality of Vancouver Island, Canada. This anatomically preserved plant expands our understanding of basal Cupressaceae in the fossil record. METHODOLOGY. Specimens were studied from anatomical sections prepared by the classic cellulose acetate peel technique. PIVOTAL RESULTS. Vegetative shoots have helically arranged Cunninghamia-like leaves with a single vascular bundle and one to three resin canals. Ovulate cones consist of numerous helically arranged bract/scale complexes with a large bract and a small ovuliferous scale with three separate tips. There are three inverted seeds/ovules attached adaxially, immediately proximal to the free scale tips. CONCLUSIONS. This discovery reveals the presence of a new genus and species of basal Cupressaceae, Hubbardiastrobus cunninghamioides, in the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian; ∼136 Ma) of the Northern Hemisphere. These data expand the species richness of fossil Cupressaceae and further document the Cretaceous evolutionary radiation of subfamily Cunninghamioideae.
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the University of Chicago Press and can be found at: http://www.jstor.org/page/journal/intejplanscie/about.html.
  • Keywords: Ovulate/seed cones, Lower Cretaceous, Conifer, Fossil plants, Cunninghamioid Cupressaceae
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  • Atkinson, B. A., Rothwell, G. W., & Stockey, R. A. (2014). Hubbardiastrobus cunninghamioides gen. et sp. nov., Evidence for a Lower Cretaceous Diversification of Cunninghamioid Cupressaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(2), 256-269. doi:10.1086/674318
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  • 175
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  • 2
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  • This study was supported in part by grants from the American Society of Plant Taxonomists, the Ohio Center for Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, and the Science Café at Ohio University to B. A. Atkinson, the National Science Foundation (NSF grant EF-0629819 to G. W. Rothwell and R. A. Stockey), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC grant A-6908 to R. A. Stockey).
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