| Creator |
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Paredes, Rosana
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Orben, Rachael A.
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Suryan, Robert M.
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Irons, David B.
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Roby, Daniel D.
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Harding, Ann M. A.
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Young, Rebecca C.
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Benoit-Bird, Kelly J.
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Ladd, Carol
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Renner, Heather
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Heppell, Scott
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Phillips, Richard A.
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Kitaysky, Alexander
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| Abstract |
- We hypothesized that changes in southeastern Bering Sea foraging conditions for black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla)
have caused shifts in habitat use with direct implications for population trends. To test this, we compared at-sea
distribution, breeding performance, and nutritional stress of kittiwakes in three years (2008–2010) at two sites in the Pribilof
Islands, where the population has either declined (St. Paul) or remained stable (St. George). Foraging conditions were
assessed from changes in (1) bird diets, (2) the biomass and distribution of juvenile pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in
2008 and 2009, and (3) eddy kinetic energy (EKE; considered to be a proxy for oceanic prey availability). In years when
biomass of juvenile pollock was low and patchily distributed in shelf regions, kittiwake diets included little or no neritic prey
and a much higher occurrence of oceanic prey (e.g. myctophids). Birds from both islands foraged on the nearby shelves, or
made substantially longer-distance trips overnight to the basin. Here, feeding was more nocturnal and crepuscular than on
the shelf, and often occurred near anticyclonic, or inside cyclonic eddies. As expected from colony location, birds from St.
Paul used neritic waters more frequently, whereas birds from St. George typically foraged in oceanic waters. Despite these
distinctive foraging patterns, there were no significant differences between colonies in chick feeding rates or fledging
success. High EKE in 2010 coincided with a 63% increase in use of the basin by birds from St. Paul compared with 2008
when EKE was low. Nonetheless, adult nutritional stress, which was relatively high across years at both colonies, peaked in
birds from St. Paul in 2010. Diminishing food resources in nearby shelf habitats may have contributed to kittiwake
population declines at St Paul, possibly driven by increased adult mortality or breeding desertion due to high foraging effort
and nutritional stress.
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| Citation |
- Paredes R, Orben RA, Suryan RM, Irons DB, Roby DD, et al. (2014) Foraging Responses of Black-Legged Kittiwakes to Prolonged Food-Shortages around Colonies on the Bering Sea Shelf. PLoS ONE 9(3): e92520. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0092520
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| Funding Statement (additional comments about funding) |
- Funding was provided by the North Pacific Research Board as part of the Bering Sea Project [http://bsierp.nprb.org/], Fish and Wildlife Service (http://alaska.fws.gov/) and Oregon State University (http://fw.oregonstate.edu/). BSIERP projects were granted to David Irons and Daniel Roby (B63 and B77), Heather
Renner (B77), Alexander Kitaysky (B77), and to Scott Heppell and Kelly Benoit-Bird (B67 and B77).
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| Additional Information |
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