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| Abstract |
- The deep sea is often viewed as a vast, dark, remote,
and inhospitable environment, yet the deep ocean and
seafloor are crucial to our lives through the services that
they provide. Our understanding of how the deep sea functions
remains limited, but when treated synoptically, a diversity
of supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural
services becomes apparent. The biological pump transports
carbon from the atmosphere into deep-ocean water masses
that are separated over prolonged periods, reducing the impact
of anthropogenic carbon release. Microbial oxidation
of methane keeps another potent greenhouse gas out of the
atmosphere while trapping carbon in authigenic carbonates.
Nutrient regeneration by all faunal size classes provides the
elements necessary for fueling surface productivity and fisheries,
and microbial processes detoxify a diversity of compounds.
Each of these processes occur on a very small scale,
yet considering the vast area over which they occur they become
important for the global functioning of the ocean. The
deep sea also provides a wealth of resources, including fish
stocks, enormous bioprospecting potential, and elements and
energy reserves that are currently being extracted and will
be increasingly important in the near future. Society benefits
from the intrigue and mystery, the strange life forms, and the
great unknown that has acted as a muse for inspiration and
imagination since near the beginning of civilization. While
many functions occur on the scale of microns to meters and
timescales up to years, the derived services that result are
only useful after centuries of integrated activity. This vast
dark habitat, which covers the majority of the globe, harbors
processes that directly impact humans in a variety of ways; however, the same traits that differentiate it from terrestrial
or shallow marine systems also result in a greater need for
integrated spatial and temporal understanding as it experiences
increased use by society. In this manuscript we aim to
provide a foundation for informed conservation and management
of the deep sea by summarizing the important role of
the deep sea in society.
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- Thurber, A. R., Sweetman, A. K., Narayanaswamy, B. E., Jones, D. O. B., Ingels, J., & Hansman, R. L. (2014). Ecosystem function and services provided by the deep sea. Biogeosciences, 11(14), 3941-3963. doi:10.5194/bg-11-3941-2014
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| Funding Statement (additional comments about funding) |
- This review was the result of a workshop
supported by the International Network for scientific investigation
of DEEP-sea ecosystems (INDEEP) through a grant awarded by
the Total Foundation. J. Ingels was supported by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within
the 7th European Community Framework Programme (grant
agreement FP7-PEOPLE-2011-IEF no. 300879). A. R. Thurber
was supported by National Science Foundation grant 1103428
and LOL provided support throughout the workshop.
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| Additional Information |
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-29
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