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A Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator for Biomedical Ultrasound Beamformer Using Digital ELD Compensation and FIR Feedback

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Abstract
  • This paper presents the design of a continuous-time ΔΣ modulator (CTDSM) to be used in an ultrasound beamformer for biomedical imaging. To achieve better resolution, the prototype modulator operates at 1.2 GHz. It incorporates a digital excess loop delay (ELD) compensation to replace the active adder in front of the internal quantizer. A digitally controlled reference-switching matrix, combined with the data-weighted averaging (DWA) technique, results in a delay-free feedback path. A multi-bit FIR feedback DAC, along with its compensation path, is used to achieve lower clock jitter sensitivity and better loop filter linearity. The modulator achieves 79.4 dB dynamic range, 77.3 dB SNR and 74.3 dB SNDR over a 15 MHz signal bandwidth. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the core modulator occupies an area of only 0.16 mm² and dissipates 6.96 mW from a 1 V supply. A 58.6 fJ/conversion-step figure of merit is achieved.
  • This is an author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by IEEE-Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and can be found at: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=8919,©2015 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.
  • Keywords: Ultrasound beamformer, FIR feedback DAC, Digital excess loop delay compensation, Continuous-time ΔΣ modulator
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  • Zhang, Y., Chen, C. H., He, T., & Temes, G. C. (2015). A Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator for Biomedical Ultrasound Beamformer Using Digital ELD Compensation and FIR Feedback. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 62(7), 1689-1698. doi:10.1109/TCSI.2015.2434100
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  • 62
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  • 7
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  • This work was supported by Maxim Integrated.
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