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Data-driven diagnostics of terrestrial carbon dynamics over North America

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/zp38wf31x

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  • The exchange of carbon dioxide is a key measure of ecosystem metabolism and a critical intersection between the terrestrial biosphere and the Earth’s climate. Despite the general agreement that the terrestrial ecosystems in North America provide a sizeable carbon sink, the size and distribution of the sink remain uncertain. We use a data-driven approach to upscale eddy covariance flux observations from towers to the continental scale by integrating flux observations, meteorology, stand age, aboveground biomass, and a proxy for canopy nitrogen concentrations from AmeriFlux and Fluxnet-Canada Research Network as well as a variety of satellite data streams from the MODIS sensors. We then use the resulting gridded flux estimates from March 2000 to December 2012 to assess the magnitude, distribution, and interannual variability of carbon fluxes for the U.S. and Canada. The mean annual gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of the U.S. over the period 2001–2012 were 6.84, 5.31, and 1.10 Pg C yr⁻¹, respectively; the mean annual GPP, ER, and NEP of Canada over the same 12-year period were 3.91, 3.26, and 0.60 Pg C yr⁻¹, respectively. The mean nationwide annual NEP of natural ecosystems over the period 2001–2012 was 0.53 Pg C yr⁻¹ for the U.S. and 0.49 Pg C yr⁻¹ for the conterminous U.S. Our estimate of the carbon sink for the conterminous U.S. was almost identical with the estimate of the First State of the Carbon Cycle Report (SOCCR). The carbon fluxes exhibited relatively large interannual variability over the study period. The main sources of the interannual variability in carbon fluxes included drought and disturbance. The annual GPP and NEP were strongly related to annual evapotranspiration (ET) for both the U.S. and Canada, showing that the carbon and water cycles were closely coupled. Our gridded flux estimates provided an independent, alternative perspective on ecosystem carbon exchange over North America.
  • KEYWORDS: Eddy covariance, Drought, Carbon sink, Carbon source, Disturbance, EVI
  • This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by Elsevier and can be found at: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/agricultural-and-forest-meteorology
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  • Xiao, J., Ollinger, S. V., Frolking, S., Hurtt, G. C., Hollinger, D. Y., Davis, K. J., ... & Suyker, A. E. (2014). Data-driven diagnostics of terrestrial carbon dynamics over North America. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 197, 142-157. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.06.013
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  • 197
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  • This work was supported by the National Science Foundation through the MacroSystems Biology Program (award number 1065777) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through the Terrestrial Ecology program (award numbers NNX10AO03G, NNX11AB88G, and NNX12AK56G) and the Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) (award number NNX11AL32G). This work is part of the North American Carbon Program (NACP) research. The Fluxnet-Canada Research Network was funded by the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (CFCAS), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, BIOCAP Canada, Natural Resources Canada and Environment Canada. The financial support to the eddy covariance data harmonization of the La Thuile database was provided by CarboEurope IP, FAO-GTOS-TCO, iLEAPS, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, National Science Foundation, University of Tuscia, Université Laval and Environment Canada and US Department of Energy and the database development and technical support from Berkeley Water Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Microsoft Research eScience, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of California – Berkeley, University of Virginia.
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