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Impact of infectious diseases on sustainability of cultured fisheries- understanding relationship between host, pathogen and environment

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  • Despite current advances in aquaculture practices, microbial diseases are still being increasingly incriminated as a significant constraint to regulate sustainable aquaculture production, trade and economic development of this sector. A systematic research to identify various infections which induce morbidity and mortality among trout and carps was undertaken in Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India lying in the foothills of Himalayas. In total, 415 samples comprising of 275 carps and 140 trouts; either dead, dying, moribund or apparently healthy were microbiologically processed. The bacterial and mycobiotic involvement was revealed in 381 and 118 of these samples, respectively. Altogether, 549 isolates of microbes were identified. Histopathological and pathogenicity studies were also carried out. Among bacteria, Aeromonas spp. predominated whilst in mycobiota it was Aspergillus spp. followed by Cladosporium spp. Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline, gentamicin and norfloxacin were adjudged best in vitro, whereas ampicillin, erythromycin and penicillin-G were least effective. The findings of this investigation are co-related with those of several other workers related to the impact of environmental stress and ecological disturbances on aquabiota and fish diseases. Likewise for mycobiotic isolates malachite green and sodium chloride were best, whereas, potassium permanganate was least effective. Comparative to previous year’s studies the increased incidence of microbial involvement is being suggestive of host of factors like deteriorating environmental factors and poor water quality resulting from increased effluent discharges, movement of aquatic animals, rapid proliferation of farms and their inadequate management. This study emphasized the need for, inter alia, broader ecosystem management approaches to control environmental deterioration and to take preventative measures against the introduction of pathogens to aquatic system as suggested by (ADB/NACA, 1991) and Phillips (1996).
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  • Katoch, R. C., Subhash Verma, Mandeep Sharma, Deepak Pathania, Vinod Sharma, Pooja Soneja. 2002. Impact of infectious diseases on sustainability of cultured fisheries- understanding relationship between host, pathogen and environment. Peer Review: No. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, August 19-22, 2002, Wellington, New Zealand: Fisheries in the Global Economy. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2002. CD ROM.
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