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Aquatic Systems' Potential to Recycle Organics and to Deliver Fish: Applying a Principal Agent Framework to Nature Service

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Abstract
  • There is much talk on recycling organic effluents, closing nutrient cycles, maximising energetic efficiency, and maintaining equilibriums between humans and nature, etc., even for lakes and estuaries. Aquatic systems provide us (humans) the service of recycling decomposable organics and deliver fish at the same time, notably, as long as the system (nature) is not out of order. The potential of an aquatic system to provide nature services depends on maintaining the specific equilibrium of that system. We explore the dependency of this equilibrium on human activities that help to improve eco-system functioning; though human activities are costly and nature is not for free. As will be shown, only costly oxygen provision and labour as input improve the system. However, it is difficult to evaluate services correctly. If catch from outside is cheap and if, as major objective of societies, labour productivity has to be increased, it may not pay to maintain nature services. It is against this background, that we show how nature services can be evaluated more correctly on the basis of an exchange between humans and aquatic systems. We will see how a framework of humans as principle and nature as agents provides a better concept for services evaluation. Humans have to scarify labour for recycling and nature may “require payments”. In a suggested new perspective on closing nutrient cycles in aquatic systems, which is based on a system approach where nature provides services to humans, nature has to be paid. Implicitly, we hypothesise that entropy optimised systems may be more sustainable.
  • Keywords: Aquatic Nature Service, Recycling, Human and Ecological Evaluation
  • Keywords: Aquatic Nature Service, Recycling, Human and Ecological Evaluation
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  • Nuppenau, Ernst-August. 2006. Aquatic Systems' Potential to Recycle Organics and to Deliver Fish: Applying a Principal Agent Framework to Nature Service. In: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, July 11-14, 2006, Portsmouth, UK: Rebuilding Fisheries in an Uncertain Environment. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2006. CD ROM. ISBN 0-9763432-3-1
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  • The National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Marine Fisheries Service, United States Department of Commerce (NOAA Fisheries); United Kingdom Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA); The United States Agency for International Development supported Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Support Program (ACRSP).
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