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Biodiversity of river Ganga (India): An Environmental Economist Perspective

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  • The Ganga, one of the most important rivers of India, is considered as heaven for rich biodiversity of fisheries and economically rewarding aquatic species. An investigation looked into ecology and habitat degradation of fisheries affecting biodiversity. It has been found that more than 35 fish species commonly available in river Ganga are at the edge of extinct. Some of them are Hilsa (Tenualosa ilsa), Mahaseer (Tor putitora), Tiger prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian trout (Raiamas bola). Among other species, more than 60 in numbers declined to the extent of 10 to 90 percent in total fish stock. The implication of this change was noted in decrease in availability of fish and fish catch by fishermen adversely affecting employment and livelihood of fishing community. Prices of fishes has shoot up and variety of fishes liked by consumers declined. An economic valuation of biodiversity loss indicated a decreased level of consumer and producers surpluses an indicator of economic welfare. Hedonic pricing and total economic valuation technique were used for analysis. While including the diverse aquatic germ plasma resources needed for genetic research and variety of protein having medicinal implications, the loss of magnitude of biodiversity overweigh the claims of development through intervention in river Ganga. Construction of dams for electricity generation, high siltation and decreased flow of tributaries, industrial effluents were identified as major cause of environmental degradation affecting the biodiversity of river Ganga. There is immediate need of Government intervention through policy initiatives.
  • KEYWORDS: Hedonic Pricing, India, river Ganga, Germ plasma, Biodiversity, Fisheries economics, Environmental Economist Perspective, Diverse aquatic
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  • Shrivastava, Rama Shanker. 2008. Biodiversity of river Ganga (India): An Environmental Economist Perspective. In: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, July 22-25, 2008, Nha Trang, Vietnam: Achieving a Sustainable Future: Managing Aquaculture, Fishing, Trade and Development. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2008.
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  • US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries Division, The Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada; Aquaculture CRSP and AquaFish CRSP; Minh Phu Seafood Corporation; Vietnam Datacommunication Company (VDC); Camau Frozen Seafood Processing Import Export Corporation (Camimex); Long Sinh Limited Company; Mai Linh Group and Nam Viet Corporation.
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