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Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management

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  • Marine ecosystems are generally more extensive and complex than terrestrial ecosystems. Our understanding of the ecological relationships and biological processes within marine ecosystems is rudimentary but improving. In addition, our appreciation of the range of goods and services available from the marine environment and demand for competing economic uses of marine ecosystems is growing rapidly. Consequently, existing fisheries management structures focused on controlling the harvesting of single species are perceived as crude and narrow. Indeed, in New Zealand, the Quota Management System (QMS) and Individual Transferable Quotas (ITQ) are sometimes described as impediments to the development of more sophisticated environmental management that could simultaneously encompass a wider range of marine activities. Secure rights to utilize fisheries are bemoaned as a barrier to the reconfiguration of use patterns by Government agencies and are condemned as the origin of conflict. This paper criticises the analysis underlying these attitudes and shows the existing frail private property rights in the New Zealand marine environment to be a necessary but insufficient foundation for the emergence of sophisticated marine ecosystem management. With this quality of management as a goal, some directions for the evolution of the QMS are deduced.
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  • McClurg, Tom. 2002. Foundations for Effective Marine Ecosystem Management. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade, August 19-22, 2002, Wellington, New Zealand: Fisheries in the Global Economy. Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2002. CD ROM.
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