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Can Right-based Fisheries Management protect Coastal Sustainable Livelivehoods, the case of Ocean View, South Africa?

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  • This paper intends to ascertain whether the micro-commercial initiative of Marine and Coastal Management Department (M&CM) introduced in 2001 is contributing to the sustainable livelihoods of fishers in the community of Ocean View. Ocean View is located in the greater Cape Town metropole and was created by the Group Areas Act under the Apartheid regime. The enduring social economic effects of disenfranchisement and displacement are still present in the community with the current unemployment figure over 40%. In an attempt to address the unemployment in the coastal settlements such as Ocean View, M&CM introduced a pilot subsistence initiative in 2000. This initiative allowed fishers to catch minimal catch of four West Coast rock lobster (WCRL) per day and the same for abalone. The main goal with this initiative was to increase the income of the subsistence permits holders in Ocean View, but due to the high-value of the species it opened up a space for many outsiders with no relation to the fishing operations to enter the fishing industry. The local organisational capacities and institutional structures were not ready for such an initiative, neither did the fishers posses the infra-structure to harvest, process and market their fishing rights. For the artisanal (professional) fishers to be placed in the subsistence category or micro-commercial enterprises was an affront to their skills and a blow to their prospects of becoming commercial fishing enterprises. With the new medium term allocations, the subsistence permits changed to limited-commercial and many small companies were formed to apply for this sector, whilst the artisanal fishers maintained that they are career fishers and aimed the full commercial quotas allocated mainly to the established industry and new entrant companies from 1995-2000. The research questions that governed this paper include: What is the background to the current fisheries policy? Who are the main beneficiaries of the limited commercial enterprises? What are the constraints of the limited commercial enterprises? What are the opportunities of the limited commercial enterprises? How has the limited commercial enterprises worked in practice? Why are there still so many bonafide fishermen outside the formal allocation system? What are the spin offs effects in the community in terms of job creation, etc.? What happened to the large number of unsuccessful applicants? What are the unintended consequences of converting subsistence fishers to micro-commercial enterprises without the necessary organisational capacities and infrastructure?
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  • Isaacs, Moenieba. 2004. Can Right-based Fisheries Management protect Coastal Sustainable Livelivehoods, the case of Ocean View, South Africa? In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Biennial Conference of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, July 20-30, 2004, Tokyo, Japan: What are Responsible Fisheries? Compiled by Ann L. Shriver. International Institute of Fisheries Economics & Trade, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 2004. CD ROM. ISBN 0-9763432-0-7
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