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Adherence of Clostridium difficile spores to Caco-2 cells in culture

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  • Clostridium difficile is the causative agent of the majority of antibiotic associated diarrheas. C. difficile spores are recognized as the morphotype of transmission, infection and persistence. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how C. difficile spores interact with the host’s epithelial surfaces. In this context, we have characterized the ability of C. difficile spores to adhere to human Caco-2 cells. Despite the similarities in spore-surface hydrophobicity between spores of C. difficile and C. perfringens (another enteric pathogen that also sporulates in the gut), spores of C. difficile adhere better to Caco-2 cells. Adherence to Caco-2 cells was significantly reduced when C. difficile spores were trypsin-treated. Sonication of C. difficile spores altered the ultrastructure of the outermost exosporium-like structure, released two protein species of ~ 40-kDa and significantly reduced spore-hydrophobicity and adherence to Caco-2 cells. Using a trifunctional crosslinker, we were able to co-immunoprecipitate four protein species from the surface of Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, this study provides, for the first time evidence that C. difficile spores adhere to human intestinal enterocyte-like cells through spore- and enterocytic surface specific ligand(s) and/or receptor(s).
  • This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The published article is copyrighted by the Society for General Microbiology and can be found at: http://jmm.sgmjournals.org/.
  • Keywords: Spores, C. perfringens, Adherence, C. difficile
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  • Paredes-Sabja, D., & Sarker, M. R. (2012). Adherence of clostridium difficile spores to caco-2 cells in culture. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 61(Pt 9), 1208-1218. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.043687-0
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  • 61
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  • 9
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  • This work was supported by a grant from the Agricultural Research Foundation of Oregon State University and by a Department of Defense Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (MURI) award through the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the U. S. Army Research Office under contract number W911NF-09-1-0286 (to MRS); and by grants from MECESUP UAB0802, the Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de Chile (FONDECYT Grant 1110569) and from the 496 Research Office of Universidad Andres Bello (DI-35-11/R) (to D.P.-S).
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