Article
 

Seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue controlled by ocean mixing

Public Deposited

Downloadable Content

Download PDF
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/5m60qt424

Descriptions

Attribute NameValues
Creator
Abstract
  • Sea surface temperature (SST) is a critical control on the atmosphere(1), and numerical models of atmosphere-ocean circulation emphasize its accurate prediction. Yet many models demonstrate large, systematic biases in simulated SST in the equatorial 'cold tongues' (expansive regions of net heat uptake from the atmosphere) of the Atlantic(2) and Pacific(3) oceans, particularly with regard to a central but little-understood feature of tropical oceans: a strong seasonal cycle. The biases may be related to the inability of models to constrain turbulent mixing realistically(4), given that turbulent mixing, combined with seasonal variations in atmospheric heating, determines SST. In temperate oceans, the seasonal SST cycle is clearly related to varying solar heating(5); in the tropics, however, SSTs vary seasonally in the absence of similar variations in solar inputs(6). Turbulent mixing has long been a likely explanation, but firm, long-term observational evidence has been absent. Here we show the existence of a distinctive seasonal cycle of subsurface cooling via mixing in the equatorial Pacific cold tongue, using multi-year measurements of turbulence in the ocean. In boreal spring, SST rises by 2 kelvin when heating of the upper ocean by the atmosphere exceeds cooling by mixing from below. In boreal summer, SST decreases because cooling from below exceeds heating from above. When the effects of lateral advection are considered, the magnitude of summer cooling via mixing (4 kelvin per month) is equivalent to that required to counter the heating terms. These results provide quantitative assessment of how mixing varies on timescales longer than a few weeks, clearly showing its controlling influence on seasonal cooling of SST in a critical oceanic regime.
  • Keywords: Balance, Instability, Turbulence, Tropical Pacific, Annual cycle, temperature, Budget, Models, Shear flow
Resource Type
DOI
Date Available
Date Issued
Citation
  • Moum, J. N., Perlin, A., Nash, J. D., & McPhaden, M. J. (2013). Seasonal sea surface cooling in the equatorial pacific cold tongue controlled by ocean mixing. Nature, 500(7460), 64-67. doi:10.1038/nature12363
Journal Title
Journal Volume
  • 500
Journal Issue/Number
  • 7460
Rights Statement
Funding Statement (additional comments about funding)
  • This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (grants 0424133, 0728375 and 1256620).
Publisher
Peer Reviewed
Language
Replaces

Relationships

Parents:

This work has no parents.

Items

Thumbnail Title Date Uploaded Visibility Actions
file details MoumJamesNCEOASSeasonalSeaSurface.pdf 2017-07-24 Public Download