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Small RNAs serve as a genetic buffer against genomic shock in Arabidopsis interspecific hybrids and allopolyploids

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/articles/7h149q55d

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  • Small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs), control gene expression and epigenetic regulation. Although the roles of miRNAs and siRNAs have been extensively studied, their expression diversity and evolution in closely related species and interspecific hybrids are poorly understood. Here, we show comprehensive analyses of miRNA expression and siRNA distributions in two closely related species Arabidopsis thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa, a natural allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica, and two resynthesized allotetraploid lines (F1 and F7) derived from A. thaliana and A. arenosa.We found that repeat- and transposon-associated siRNAs were highly divergent between A. thaliana and A. arenosa. A. thaliana siRNA populations underwent rapid changes in F1 but were stably maintained in F7 and A. suecica. The correlation between siRNAs and nonadditive gene expression in allopolyploids is insignificant. In contrast, miRNA and tasiRNA sequences were conserved between species, but their expression patterns were highly variable between the allotetraploids and their progenitors. Many miRNAs tested were nonadditively expressed (deviating from the midparent value, MPV) in the allotetraploids and triggered unequal degradation of A. thaliana or A. arenosa targets. The data suggest that small RNAs produced during interspecific hybridization or polyploidization serve as a buffer against the genomic shock in interspecific hybrids and allopolyploids: Stable inheritance of repeat- associated siRNAs maintains chromatin and genome stability, whereas expression variation of miRNAs leads to changes in gene expression, growth vigor, and adaptation.
  • Keywords: microRNAs, polyploidy, hybrid vigor, expression regulation
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  • Ha, M., Lu, J., Tian, L., Ramachandran, V., Kasschau, K. D., Chapman, E. J., Carrington, J. C., Chen, X., Wang, X. J., Chen, Z. J. (2009). Small RNAs serve as a genetic buffer against genomic shock in Arabidopsis interspecific hybrids and allopolyploids. Proceeding of the National Acedemy of Science, 106(42), 17835-17840
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  • 106
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  • 42
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  • We thank Wen-Hsiung Li and two anonymous reviewers for providing constructive comments and valuable advice to improve the manuscript, Zhixin Xie for helpful assistance during small RNA library construction, Chris Sullivan and Guanglin Li for initial parsing of the small RNA sequence data, and members in the Z.J.C. laboratory for valuable discussions. The work is supported by National Institutes of Health Grant GM067015 and National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program Grant DBI0733857 (to Z.J.C.)
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