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Data report : composition of clay minerals from hemiplegic sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia subduction zone

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  • This report describes the results of semiquantitative analysis of clay mineral composition by X-ray diffraction. The samples consist of hemipelagic mud and mudstone cored from Hydrate Ridge during Leg 204 of the Ocean Drilling Program. We analyzed oriented aggregates of the clay-sized fractions (<2 μm) to estimate relative percentages of smectite, illite, and chlorite (+ kaolinite). For the most part, stratigraphic variations in clay mineral composition are modest and there are no significant differences among the seven sites that were included in the study. On average, early Pleistocene to Holocene trench slope and slope basin deposits contain 29% smectite, 31% illite, and 40% chlorite (+ kaolinite). Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene strata from the underlying accretionary prism contain moderately larger proportions of smectite with average values of 38% smectite, 27% illite, and 35% chlorite (+ kaolinite). There is no evidence of clay mineral diagenesis at the depths sampled. The expandability of smectite is, on average, equal to 64%, and there are no systematic variations in expandability as a function of burial depth or depositional age. The absence of clay mineral diagenesis is consistent with the relatively shallow sample depths and corresponding maximum temperatures of only 24°–33°C.
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  • Underwood, M., & Torres, M. (2006). Data report : composition of clay minerals from hemipelagic sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia subduction zone. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 204, 1-15.
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