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Host-Selective Toxins of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Induce Common Responses Associated with Host Susceptibility Public Deposited

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  • Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr), a necrotrophic fungus and the causal agent of tan spot of wheat, produces one or a combination of host-selective toxins (HSTs) necessary for disease development. The two most studied toxins produced by Ptr, Ptr ToxA (ToxA) and Ptr ToxB (ToxB), are proteins that cause necrotic or chlorotic symptoms respectively. Investigation of host responses induced by HSTs provides better insight into the nature of the host susceptibility. Microarray analysis of ToxA has provided evidence that it can elicit responses similar to those associated with defense. In order to evaluate whether there are consistent host responses associated with susceptibility, a similar analysis of ToxB-induced changes in the same sensitive cultivar was conducted. Comparative analysis of ToxA-and ToxB-induced transcriptional changes showed that similar groups of genes encoding WRKY transcription factors, RLKs, PRs, components of the phenylpropanoid and jasmonic acid pathways are activated. ROS accumulation and photosystem dysfunction proved to be common mechanism-of-action for these toxins. Despite similarities in defense responses, transcriptional and biochemical responses as well as symptom development occur more rapidly for ToxA compared to ToxB, which could be explained by differences in perception as well as by differences in activation of a specific process, for example, ethylene biosynthesis in ToxA treatment. Results of this study suggest that perception of HSTs will result in activation of defense responses as part of a susceptible interaction and further supports the hypothesis that necrotrophic fungi exploit defense responses in order to induce cell death.
  • Keywords: Powdery mildew, Gene expression, Phenylpropanoid metabolism, Chlorosis toxin, Jasmonic acid, PTR ToxA, Microarray analysis, Programmed cell death, Tan spot, Resistance gene
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  • Pandelova, I., Figueroa, M., Wilhelm, L. J., Manning, V. A., Mankaney, A. N., Mockler, T. C., & Ciuffetti, L. M. (2012). Host-selective toxins of pyrenophora tritici-repentis induce common responses associated with host susceptibility. PloS One, 7(7), e40240. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040240
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  • 7
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  • 7
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  • This project was supported by the National Research Initiative Microbial Biology: Microbial Associations with Plants Program of the United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (CSREES, grant#:2006-55600-16619) and in part by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program grant #:2010-65108-20548) from the SIDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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