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The Impact of Religious Affiliation and Race on Perceptions of Everyday Discrimination

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  • Perceived discrimination has been a topic that has been explored extensively in various different countries and regions (Awad 2010; Litchmore and Safdar 2015; Godley 2018; Dixon 2019). A growing concern for affected groups has prompted many of these studies, as perceived discrimination has been found to potentially negatively impact one's health (Grollman 2012). Many of these concerns have been focused on minority groups in different regions because of the several studies that have found a link between belonging to a minority group and experiencing disproportionate levels of perceived discrimination (Awad 2010; Dixon 2019; Flores 2015; Harnois 2014; Litchmore and Safdar 2015; Shorey, Cowan, and Sullivan 2002). In 2019, it was found that 81% of Americans believed that Muslims were subject to discrimination, suggesting that Americans are aware of potential discrimination in their communities (Masci 2019). In more recent times, concerns have been expressed over policies pursued by the Donald Trump administration in the United States, which denied entry to citizens from seven majority Muslim countries ( National Immigration Law Center 2019). Some activists believe that these policies pursued are highly tied to discrimination. The potential that the media has to impact levels of perceived discrimination has also led many people to be more attentive to what factors may perpetrate discrimination (Schmuck, Matthes and Paul 2017). Religious affiliation's effect on perceived discrimination has been a focal point for many people, due to negative depictions of specific religions in the media (Schmuck, Matthes and Paul 2017). The race of an individual has also been a major concern when looking at levels of perceived discrimination, as studies have found links between being a minority and earning less in wages (Vásquez 2011). Many religions not affiliated with Christianity, also tend to have higher numbers of racial and ethnic minorities, which makes it important to consider how race and religion together will impact an individual’s sense of experiencing everyday discrimination ( Pew Research Center 2015). This paper evaluates how religious affiliation influences the likelihood that an individual perceives being discriminated against in everyday activities and will control for an individual’s race.
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