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Yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth and Tuber Production in Response to Increasing Glyphosate Rates and Selected Adjuvants

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  • Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of selected adjuvants on glyphosate efficacy on yellow nutsedge and tuber production. Glyphosate was applied at 0, 0.25, 0.43, 0.87, 1.26 (1x rate), and 1.74 kg ae ha⁻¹ 31 d after yellow nutsedge was planted. Each rate was mixed with one of the following adjuvants: ammonium sulfate (AMS); or AMS plus NIS; or AMS plus an experimental adjuvant (W-7995) plus NIS. Plants were evaluated for visual injury and the number and size of tubers produced. Dose response curves based on log-logistic models were used to determine the effective glyphosate rate plus adjuvant that provided both 90% visual yellow nutsedge injury (ED₉₀) and reduced tuber production. Addition of NIS to glyphosate plus AMS resulted in the greatest yellow nutsedge injury 28 DAT. Addition of the experimental adjuvant plus NIS resulted in similar injury as NIS alone. The ED₉₀ for visual injury at 28 DAT was 2.12 kg ha⁻¹ with glyphosate plus AMS and NIS compared to 2.18 kg ha⁻¹ for W-7995 plus NIS and 3.06 kg ha⁻¹ with AMS alone. The ED₉₀ rates with different adjuvants represent 168%, 173%, and 243% of the highest glyphosate rate (1.26 kg ha⁻¹) labeled for application on many glyphosate resistant crops. However, the estimated ED₉₀ to reduce small, medium, large, and total tubers were 1.60, 1.50, 1.63, and 1.66 kg ha⁻¹, respectively. The results suggest that increases in labeled rates of glyphosate may be required to reduce yellow nutsedge tuber production in field conditions. Use of lower glyphosate rates should be discouraged as it may increase tuber production and exacerbate yellow nutsedge expansion in infested fields.
  • KEYWORDS: furrow irrigated systems, yellow nutsedge tubers, adjuvants
  • This is the author's peer-reviewed final manuscript, as accepted by the publisher. The article is copyrighted by the Weed Science Society of America and published by Allen Press. It can be found at: http://www.wssajournals.org/loi/wete.
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  • Joel Felix, Joseph T. Dauer, Andrew G. Hulting, and Carol Mallory-Smith (2012) Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Growth and Tuber Production in Response to Increasing Glyphosate Rates and Selected Adjuvants. Weed Technology: January-March, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 95-101.
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  • 26
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  • 1
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