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Developmental effects of micro- and nanoscale tire particles and recycled rubber on zebrafish

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https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/defaults/pc289r83m

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  • Plastics have become an essential part of everyone lives, found in almost every product made today. Tires only make up a fraction of these products but as their use increasing so does the microplastics that flake off. Many studies have evaluated the toxic effects of tire particles on aquatic environments by testing the leachate they give off in water. However, no studies to date have investigated the specific effects of micro- and nanoscale tire particles themselves. With the increase of many toxic particulates being introduced into the ocean and other aquatic environments, there is serious concern as to how it could affect the life in these areas. This study looked at the effects of micro (1-20 μm) and nano-sized (<1 μm) tire and recycled rubber particles on developing zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were selected for these studies because they are vertebrates that make for a efficient and cheap ecotoxicity indicator for potential impacts on fish in aquatic systems while providing insight into potential negative human health effects. Previous studies reveal that tire particles can cause mortality and sub-lethal effects in multiple fish species, while recycled rubber does not show any overt toxicity but can release polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), some of which are known toxicants. In our studies, the highest mortality was caused by exposure to nanoscale tire particles (TPs). Micro-sized particles showed limited mortality and sub-lethal effects. Leachate exposures resulted in varying mortality occurrence but nothing that was significant, although, the leachate did show the most sub-lethal effects. These effects occurred at concentrations well above levels currently identified in environmental samples; however, the sampling techniques currently used in environmental sampling overlook any particles in the nanoscale range. Given that environmental concentrations are completely unknown, it is important to understand the levels at which micro- and nanoscale TPs and their leachates can elicit adverse outcomes for exposed organisms.
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